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Birth Year : 1863
Death Year : 1944
Country : Norway
Edvard Munch, acclaimed as Norway's greatest artist,
created a body of art that was concerned with the
psychological predicament of the individual in the
modern world. He was an artist who, perhaps more than
any other, was representative of the Symbolist decade.
Wherever he traveled he became involved in artistic
revolution. Towards 1889, Munch frequented the Symbolist
bohemia of Christiania in Norway, home of to a
freethinking group of artists. In 1889 he won a
government art scholarship to Paris and remained there
for three years where he was strongly influenced by Van
Gogh, Gauguin and Toulouse-Lautrec. His travels then
took him to Berlin, where an exhibition of his paintings
in 1892 created such a furor that the exhibit was closed
by the authorities. Munch became famous overnight. He
remained in Germany for a number of years to watch the
impact of his art serve to turn German art towards an
emotional and spiritual path. On his return to Paris, he
became part of the circle of the Symbolists and he
designed the sets for "Peer Gynt." Returning to Germany
he created the stage sets for Ibsen's "Ghosts."
Munch was carried along by the great contemporary
movements and played an important role in uniting the
intellectual messages that were sweeping across Paris,
Berlin and Oslo. His art is concerned not with pictorial
representation but with reflecting the inner life of his
contemporaries. He was gifted with a psychic sensitivity
which during this era was evidenced by his fellow
Norsemen, Ibsen, Strindberg and Kierkegaard, who shared
Munch's vision of the world bathed in a peculiar
nocturnal light in which man moved as transparently as a
shadow, but became real, embodied in the interiority of
the psyche. Long before Freud formalized his work, these
Scandinavian artists achieved astounding insights into
the minds of men and the mechanism of psychic impulses.
Often this art concentrated on the tragic, the neurotic,
the death instinct, on the conception of life guided by
an inner voice and destined by Fate.
Munch's psychic gifts are revealed in works, which
penetrate beyond external appearances to the inner
conditions of the subjects he paints. In his most famous
work, "The Scream," long, wavy lines seem to carry the
echo of a tormented scream into every corner of the
picture. Munch infused his painting with psychic
realities-which he called the "Panic" forces - that are
otherwise concealed behind visible reality. In 1908, a
severe nervous breakdown forced Munch to return to
Norway permanently. As his health returned, his painting
turned away from the psychic, towards to more physical
manifestations of life, towards a concern with universal
images. In 1912, along with Cezanne, Van Gogh and
Gauguin, he was given a place of honor at the great
Sonderbund exhibition in Cologne devoted to a
retrospective survey of modern art.
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