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J.M.W.Turner The 'Liber Studiorum'
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From drawing to mezzotint
(above) Scene on the French Coast Pencil, pen & ink, brown
wash, 1806, 33 x 41.2 cm. Tate Gallery
(above right) etching of above, plus on- mouse over- etching with wash
by Turner, 1807, 18 x 25.7 cm.
(right) Scene on the French Coast, mezzotint by Charles Turner,
British Museum, London
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Turner initially contacted three engravers James Girtin,
F.C. Lewis and Charles Turner to executed his engravings. The later being chosen
because of his superb Shipwreck mezzotint. Turner decides between
aquatint and mezzotint and negotiates a price of 8 guineas each with his
namesake. However many of the plates use both processes for a superior quality,
always under the close supervision of Turner himself. Indeed he is purported to
have done much of the engraving himself, creating a very completed procedure.
The method appears to be an etching done from a drawing which is washed in tints
of watercolour by Turner as a guide for the mezzotinter. Their are nine known
proofs of Baste.
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Aquatint: A tone process introduced 1770s especially
suited to the reproduction of watercolour. A form of etching using a porous
ground, mostly mixed with sugar.
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Mezzotint: A form of tonal engraving, the engraving
worked from dark to light on a metal plate on which a rocker tool is used to
burr the plate. Then a scraper is used to smooth to the lighter part, the
smoother the lighter as the ink will wipe into the burrs and off the smooth burnished
parts.
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Engraving: The general name for printing vie. metal
or wooden blocks.
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Etching: A delicate form of intaglio engraving. The
metal plate is covered with resin ground which is impervious to acid.
This is drawn on with a stylus exposing the copper sheet, when the plate is
put in acid the exposed drawn part is etched out by acid, controlled by the
amount of time the plate is in the acid. Turner used this procedure as his initial
process. Back to Top
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J.M.W.Turner, visited Sir Walter Scott at Abbotsford, his
home near Melrose in 1832. He painted many watercolours of Border abbeys
and castles including one of Hermitage Castle. Under his supervision these
watercolours were later made into engravings and published in book form. |
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