J.M.W.Turner:
Barnard Castle, County Durham, 1825, watercolour, pen & ink, Yale Center for British Art
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"A group of French painters, united
in the same aesthetic aims...applying themselves with passion to the rendering
of form in movement as well as the fugitive phenomena of light, cannot forget
that they have been preceded in this path by a great master of the English, the
illustrious Turner."(from a letter signed by Monet, Pissarro,
Degas, Renoir, and others)
Bernard castle, engraver Rob Wallis, 1827,
Durham
The town of Bernard or Bannered Castle, situated on the
southern acclivity of an eminence rising with a Steep ascent from
the river Tees, derived its name, and probably its origin, From
Castle erected on the summit of a rock on the west-side, by Bernard,
Son of Guy Baliol, who came into England with the Conqueror, and
on whom William Rufus bestowed the forests of Teesdale and Marwood, and the valuable Lordships of Middleton and Gainsford. From
the founder it regularly descended to His great grandson John Baliol,
who was the successful claimant of the crown of Scotland in the reign
of Edward I. in his time the privileges of this liberty and it's
independence of the Palatinate were pretty distinctly ascertained.
On the defection of Baliol, his estates were Claimed by Bishop
Beck, as appertaining to his palatinate; but King Edward, desiring
to abridge the over grown' power of a Subject, Seized the palatinate,
and when it was restored to the see, it was deprived of several of
the privileges it had gained, and Edward gave the castle to Guy
Beaut`hamp, Earl of Warwick in whose family it continued for 5
descents. It afterwards came to the crown, and was a favourite seat
of Richard 1II. whose cognizance, the boar, appears both in the walls
of the castle and several parts of the town.
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